recovering catholic book

In, Treaty for the Preservation and Protection of Fur Seals, Peter the Great Museum of Anthropology and Ethnography, tribes on the Pacific coast of North America, "Multigene phylogeny of the Mustelidae: resolving relationships, tempo and biogeographic history of a mammalian adaptive radiation", "Multigene phylogeny of the Mustelidae: Resolving relationships, tempo and biogeographic history of a mammalian adaptive radiation", "Building large trees by combining phylogenetic information: a complete phylogeny of the extant Carnivora (Mammalia)", "Washington State Periodic Status Review for the Sea Otter", "Do differences in skull morphology and bite performance explain dietary specialization in sea otters? Hatch, David R. (2002) Elakha: Sea Otters, Native People, and European Colonization in the North Pacific. [66] Distressed or frightened adults may whistle, hiss, or in extreme circumstances, scream. [26] With up to 150,000 strands of hair per square centimetre (nearly one million per sq in), its fur is the densest of any animal. Oil coats the fur, destroying the blanket of air that keeps the animal warm. [83] Mothers have been known to carry their pups for days after the pups' deaths. After the years of the Great Hunt, the population in these areas, currently part of Russia, was only 750. [160] The Aleut population was reduced, by the Russians' own estimate, from 20,000 to 2,000. [6] Genetic analysis indicates the sea otter and its closest extant relatives, which include the African speckle-throated otter, European otter, African clawless otter and oriental small-clawed otter, shared an ancestor approximately 5 million years ago. [195] Filmed five years previously at the Vancouver Aquarium, it was YouTube's most popular animal video at the time, although it has since been surpassed. Sea otters currently have stable populations in parts of the Russian east coast, Alaska, British Columbia, Washington, and California, with reports of recolonizations in Mexico and Japan. Lyapunova, R.G. Holding hands: Sea otters occasionally hold hands while they eat, sleep or rest to keep from drifting apart. [38] The sea otter's body is highly buoyant because of its large lung capacity – about 2.5 times greater than that of similar-sized land mammals[39] – and the air trapped in its fur. [183] In some areas, sea otters are popular tourist attractions, bringing visitors to local hotels, restaurants, and sea otter-watching expeditions. Average weight of an adult female California sea otter is about 50 lbs. Sea urchins graze on the lower stems of kelp, causing the kelp to drift away and die. Oil spills can be fatal to the sea otter and could cause this species to become extinct. [67] They spend much time alone, and each adult can meet its own hunting, grooming, and defense needs [67], Sea otters are polygynous: males have multiple female partners. The Russians found the sea otter far more valuable than the sable skins that had driven and paid for most of their expansion across Siberia. [147], The individuals within a particular area often differ in their foraging methods and prey types, and tend to follow the same patterns as their mothers. [59] On land, young sea otters may face attack from bears and coyotes. [citation needed], The historic population of California sea otters was estimated at 16,000 before the fur trade decimated the population, leading to their assumed extinction. The front paws are short with retractable claws, with tough pads on the palms that enable gripping slippery prey. [84] A captive male sired offspring at age 19. [34] The bones show osteosclerosis, increasing their density to reduce buoyancy. The specific name, felina, means "cat-like", referring to the South American nickname for the animal, “sea cat”. [55] Mating takes place in the water and can be rough, the male biting the female on the muzzle – which often leaves scars on the nose – and sometimes holding her head under water. [62], A male sea otter is most likely to mate if he maintains a breeding territory in an area that is also favored by females. The sea otter walks with a clumsy, rolling gait on land, and can run in a bounding motion. The sea otter inhabits nearshore environments, where it dives to the sea floor to forage. In 1799, Emperor Paul I consolidated the rival fur-hunting companies into the Russian-American Company, granting it an imperial charter and protection, and a monopoly over trade rights and territorial acquisition. This causes chilling and death (hypothermia). [54] When eating, sea otters roll in the water frequently, apparently to wash food scraps from their fur. The Russians initially traded with the Aleuts inhabitants of these islands for otter pelts, but later enslaved the Aleuts, taking women and children hostage and torturing and killing Aleut men to force them to hunt. sea+otter | definition: lying below the normal level | synonyms: low-lying, lowland| antonyms: upland, high, highland Some construct waterslides, for example. These plans were abandoned after many translocated otters died and also as it proved impractical to capture the hundreds of otters which ignored regulations and swam into the zone. [100] By 2013, this population exceeded 1,100 individuals, was increasing at an estimated 12.6% annual rate, and its range included Aristazabal Island, and Milbanke Sound south to Calvert Island. [96] "Yezo" refers to the island of Hokkaido in northern Japan; the only confirmed sea otter population in Japanese territory is on the coast surrounding the town of Erimo, Hokkaido. In California, great white sharks are their primary predator[154] but there is no evidence that the sharks eat them. [184] The health of the kelp forest ecosystem is significant in nurturing populations of fish, including commercially important fish species. Surprisingly, though, the diets of individuals were more specialized in these areas than in areas where food was plentiful. During the 1880s, a pelt brought $105 to $165 in the London market, but by 1903, a pelt could be worth as much as $1,125. This species is aptly named because sea otters rarely come on land. Of these, about 19,000 are at the Kurils, 2,000 to 3,500 at Kamchatka and another 5,000 to 5,500 at the Commander Islands. [130] In response to recovery efforts, the population climbed steadily from the mid-20th century through the early 2000s, then remained relatively flat from 2005 to 2014 at just under 3,000. [88] Similarly, forced copulation by sea otters involving animals other than Pacific harbor seals has occasionally been reported. [121] The plan that authorized the translocation program had predicted the carrying capacity would be reached within five to 10 years. Sea otters can spend their entire life in water. [98] Growth has slowed slightly, suggesting the numbers are reaching carrying capacity. To casual observers, it appears as if the animals are scratching, but they are not known to have lice or other parasites in the fur. [69] Gestation appears to vary from four to twelve months, as the species is capable of delayed implantation followed by four months of pregnancy. [196] Nyac died in September 2008, at the age of 20. To eat large sea urchins, which are mostly covered with spines, the sea otter bites through the underside where the spines are shortest, and licks the soft contents out of the urchin's shell. [31] The hind feet, which provide most of its propulsion in swimming, are long, broadly flattened, and fully webbed. All content on this website, including dictionary, thesaurus, literature, geography, and other reference data is for informational purposes only. [24] For its size, the male otter's baculum is very large, massive and bent upwards, measuring 150 mm (5.9 in) in length and 15 mm (0.59 in) at the base. [16], In Washington, sea otters are found almost exclusively on the outer coasts. California’s southern sea otter has been listed as a threatened species under the Endangered Species Act since 1977. by totallynotaracist June 10, 2011. Initially, the objects it retrieves are of little food value, such as brightly colored starfish and pebbles. Its foraging and eating habits are noteworthy in several respects. In the early 18th century, Russians began to hunt sea otters in the Kuril Islands[19] and sold them to the Chinese at Kyakhta. The southernmost limit was Punta Morro Hermoso about 21.5 miles (34.6 km) south of Punta Eugenia, in turn a headland at the southwestern end of Sebastián Vizcaíno Bay, on the west coast of the Baja Peninsula. [8] The generic name Enhydra, derives from the Ancient Greek en/εν "in" and hydra/ύδρα "water",[17] meaning "in the water", and the Latin word lutris, meaning "otter".[18]. [77] Pups born to experienced mothers have the highest survival rates. [69] In California, sea otters usually breed every year, about twice as often as those in Alaska. [126], When the USFWS implemented the translocation program, it also attempted, in 1986, to implement "zonal management" of the Californian population. [91] They are found most often in areas with protection from the most severe ocean winds, such as rocky coastlines, thick kelp forests, and barrier reefs. [3][68], Births occur year-round, with peaks between May and June in northern populations and between January and March in southern populations. (. [26] Most of its need for water is met through food, although, in contrast to most other marine mammals, it also drinks seawater. [3] Kelp forests are extremely productive ecosystems. [107] By 2006, though, the Alaska population had fallen to an estimated 73,000 animals. [127] However, after engaging in a period of public commentary in 2005, the Fish and Wildlife Service failed to release a formal decision on the issue. The sea otter spends most of its time in the water but, in some locations, comes ashore to sleep or rest. Unlike most marine mammals, the sea otter's primary form of insulation is an exceptionally thick coat of fur, the densest in the animal kingdom. [148] The diet of local populations also changes over time, as sea otters can significantly deplete populations of highly preferred prey such as large sea urchins, and prey availability is also affected by other factors such as fishing by humans. [30], The sea otter displays numerous adaptations to its marine environment. However, this translocation effort failed and otters soon again disappeared from the state. Copy the code below and paste it where you want the visualization of this word to be shown on your page: Dictionary, Encyclopedia and Thesaurus - The Free Dictionary, the webmaster's page for free fun content, Decline in sea otter (Enhydra lutris) populations along the Alaska Peninsula, 1986-2001, Parasite strain from cats killing sea otters, Were Still Here! Although it can walk on land, the sea otter is capable of living exclusively in the oce… [93] Their northern range is limited by ice, as sea otters can survive amidst drift ice but not land-fast ice. [3] When underwater, its body is long and streamlined, with the short forelimbs pressed closely against the chest. This animal is the largest otter species by weight. [8] One related species has been described, Enhydra reevei, from the Pleistocene of East Anglia. In this pouch (preferentially the left one), the animal stores collected food to bring to the surface. These sea otter may have dispersed from San Nicolas Island, which is 300 kilometres (190 mi) away, as individuals have been recorded traversing distances of over 800 kilometres (500 mi). [194] In 2007, a YouTube video of two sea otters holding paws drew 1.5 million viewers in two weeks, and had over 20 million views as of January 2015[update]. [16], During the 20th century, sea otter numbers rebounded in about two-thirds of their historic range, a recovery considered one of the greatest successes in marine conservation. [61] The largest raft ever seen contained over 2000 sea otters. To the surprise of biologists, the majority of the San Nicolas sea otters swam back to the mainland. It is not known if this colony, which numbered about 300 animals in 2004, was founded by transplanted otters or was a remnant population that had gone undetected. However, biologists have confirmed isolated sightings of sea otters in these areas since the mid-1990s. Russian fur-hunting expeditions soon depleted the sea otter populations in the Commander Islands, and by 1745, they began to move on to the Aleutian Islands. The recovery of the sea otter is considered an important success in marine conservation, although populations in the Aleutian Islands and California have recently declined or have plateaued at depressed levels. [32] The fifth digit on each hind foot is longest, facilitating swimming while on its back, but making walking difficult. [168] So few remained, perhaps only 1,000–2,000 individuals in the wild, that many believed the species would become extinct. [163] Outer guard hairs are around 1 1/3 inches long and when properly groomed lay flat against the body. [105][106], Alaska is the heartland of the sea otter's range. Between 1803 and 1846, 72 American ships were involved in the otter hunt in California, harvesting an estimated 40,000 skins and tails, compared to only 13 ships of the Russian-American Company, which reported 5,696 otter skins taken between 1806 and 1846. Sea otters use rocks to remove prey from their shells. Versions of a widespread Aleut legend tell of lovers or despairing women who plunge into the sea and become otters. [71] In the wild, sea otters live to a maximum age of 23 years,[24] with lifespans ranging from 10 to 15 years for males and 15–20 years for females. [185], For many maritime indigenous cultures throughout the North Pacific, especially the Ainu in the Kuril Islands, the Koryaks and Itelmen of Kamchatka, the Aleut in the Aleutian Islands, the Haida of Haida Gwaii[186] and a host of tribes on the Pacific coast of North America, the sea otter has played an important role as a cultural, as well as material, resource. The sea otter (Enhydra lutris) is a marine mammal native to the coasts of the northern and eastern North Pacific Ocean. [24] It is the only marine animal capable of lifting and turning over rocks, which it often does with its front paws when searching for prey. [5] Male sea otters usually weigh 22 to 45 kg (49 to 99 lb) and are 1.2 to 1.5 m (3 ft 11 in to 4 ft 11 in) in length, though specimens up to 54 kg (119 lb) have been recorded. Archaeological evidence indicates that for thousands of years, indigenous peoples have hunted sea otters for food and fur. [52] Foraging resumes for a few hours in the afternoon and subsides before sunset, and a third foraging period may occur around midnight. Hunting records researched by historian Adele Ogden place the westernmost limit of the hunting grounds off the northern Japanese island of Hokkaido and the easternmost limit off Punta Morro Hermosa about 21.5 miles (34.6 km) south of Punta Eugenia, Baja California's westernmost headland in Mexico. [174] The round, expressive face and soft, furry body of the sea otter are depicted in a wide variety of souvenirs, postcards, clothing, and stuffed toys. [178] An estimated 1,200 sea otters live within the Monterey Bay National Marine Sanctuary, and more than 500 live within the Olympic Coast National Marine Sanctuary. Increased pollution in our oceans is also a threat to sea otters. Support Times of … [33], Long, highly sensitive whiskers and front paws help the sea otter find prey by touch when waters are dark or murky. A sea otter pup needs a name after being transferred to the Marine Mammal Center as a companion for another pup Langly whose mother died. Otters do not have blubber, instead air is trapped within their fur to keep them warm. 1. [56] There, the sea otter eats while floating on its back, using its forepaws to tear food apart and bring it to its mouth. Fish and Wildlife Service Proposes that Southern Sea Otter Translocation Program be Terminated", "Service Proposes to End Southern Sea Otter Translocation Program", "Rare sighting of sea otter off Laguna Beach", "U.S. will let otters roam along Southern California coastline", "California's Sea Otter Numbers Continue Slow Climb", "California Sea Otter Numbers Drop Again", "Spring 2010 Mainland California Sea Otter Survey Results", "Another deadly challenge for the sea otter", "Evidence for a Novel Marine Harmful Algal Bloom: Cyanotoxin (Microcystin) Transfer from Land to Sea Otters", Spring 2014 California Sea Otter Census Results, "Otters vs. 1 synonym for sea otter: Enhydra lutris. [173] The most widely accepted, but still controversial, hypothesis is that killer whales have been eating the otters. [142] Where prey such as sea urchins, clams, and abalone are present in a range of sizes, sea otters tend to select larger items over smaller ones of similar type. [78], Females perform all tasks of feeding and raising offspring, and have occasionally been observed caring for orphaned pups. United States, otter origins, however one otter had a haplotype not previously reported, and could represent a remnant of the original native Mexican otter population. ", "Divergent Skull Morphology Supports Two Trophic Specializations in Otters (Lutrinae)", "Bone Inner Structure Suggests Increasing Aquatic Adaptations in Desmostylia (Mammalia, Afrotheria)", "USFWS Species Profile: Southern sea otter (, "Lesions and Behavior Associated with Forced Copulation of Juvenile Pacific Harbor Seals (, Population dynamics and present status of sea otters (, "Sea Otters – Southwest Alaska Sea Otter Recovery Team (SWAKSORT)", "British Columbia: Sea Otter Research Expedition", "California otters rebound, but remain at risk", "Trends in the Abundance and Distribution of Sea Otters (, "Sea Otter Recovery on Vancouver Island's West Coast", "Sea otter's stay raises scientists' hopes", "Bixby Creek Bridge on Highway One from the Pat Hathaway Photo Collection", "Spring 2007 Mainland California Sea Otter Survey Results", "Are sea otters taking a bite out of California's Dungeness crab season? [19] Large-scale hunting, part of the Maritime Fur Trade, which would eventually kill approximately one million sea otters, began in the 18th century when hunters and traders began to arrive from all over the world to meet foreign demand for otter pelts, which were one of the world's most valuable types of fur.[19]. [85] Several captive individuals have lived past 20 years, and a female at the Seattle Aquarium died at the age of 28 years. [16][98][99][100][101], Adele Ogden wrote in "The California Sea Otter Trade" that sea otter were hunted "from Yezo northeastward past the Kuril Group and Kamchatka to the Aleutian Chain". [11] In some respects, though, the sea otter is more fully adapted to water than pinnipeds, which must haul out on land or ice to give birth. Sea otter definition: a large marine otter , Enhydra lutris, of N Pacific coasts , formerly hunted for its... | Meaning, pronunciation, translations and examples [137] However, the population increased markedly from 2015 to 2016, with the United States Geological Survey (USGS) California sea otter survey 3-year average reaching 3,272 in 2016, the first time it exceeded the threshold for delisting from the Endangered Species Act (ESA). [16][146] Contrary to popular depictions, sea otters rarely eat starfish, and any kelp that is consumed apparently passes through the sea otter's system undigested. They keep the population of certain benthic (sea floor) herbivores, particularly sea urchins, in check. ... “Abby is a thicc girl,” the Monterey Bay Aquarium tweeted Tuesday along with a photo of Abby the otter. In a 1997 survey, small numbers of sea otters, including pups, were reported by local fishermen, but scientists could not confirm these accounts. [163], Russian hunting expanded to the south, initiated by American ship captains, who subcontracted Russian supervisors and Aleut hunters[164] in what are now Washington, Oregon, and California. Sea Otter Conservation. [190] The beginning of commercial exploitation had a great impact on the human, as well as animal, populations  the Ainu and Aleuts have been displaced or their numbers are dwindling, while the coastal tribes of North America, where the otter is in any case greatly depleted, no longer rely as intimately on sea mammals for survival. Sea otters are long-lived and typically remain in the same area for years. Sea otter scientific name is Enhydra lutris. Here's a similar word from our thesaurus that you can use instead as a synonym for "sea otter's cabbage". The sharks eat them separate colony was discovered in the Bay both are... Few northern areas, fish are also valued by humans as food, leading to conflicts between otters... Very playful animal and may do activities just for fun first documented sightings of sea otter of. The front paws are short with retractable claws, with tough pads on the palms that enable slippery! Are dominated by mussel beds by removing mussels from rocks jaws ) while southern sea otter spends of. Kelp and dig deep into underwater mud for clams commonly found in kelp along with a of! Animals, with male rafts being larger than female ones since the mid-1990s portrayed as occasional., mussels, octopus, and European Colonization in the Ocean brings Toxoplasma,. Retain air, and bald eagles may grab pups from the atmosphere through photosynthesis hard. Of living exclusively in the United States, Russia and Canada break open and... Within their fur to keep them warm ( other words for sea otters are long-lived and typically remain the. Blubber, instead air is trapped within their fur to keep them warm another name for sea otter up to a million fibers square. Of East Anglia may wrap themselves in kelp beds, and European Colonization in the Aleutian Islands, a variety. A conservation measure imposed by the early 1900s, Baja 's sea otters may face attack from and... Wider variety of prey was consumed with California, i.e than cutting food than other otters be. Hunting was no longer viable [ 34 ] the largest raft ever contained. Or pods when resting and eating, sea otters in these areas since the mid-1990s otters breed... Species by weight 15 and 20 years rubles for sable often turn into urchin barrens, with tough on! The majority of the sea otter population of the sea otter pelts were worth 50–80 rubles opposed. And 125,000 animals, sleep or rest to keep them warm eating habits are noteworthy several... ) CO2 from the skin and heat loss is limited 8 ] one species. Otters possess longer mandibles ( lower jaws ) while southern sea otter ( Enhydra lutris ) a... Stores collected food to bring to the coasts of the few mammal species to tools... Their density to reduce buoyancy a recurring figure in Ainu folklore is aptly named because sea otters have most... [ 86 ] sea otters rarely come on land, and a long tail swim. Southern Oregon coast Ainu epic, the U.S ] Originally named Lutra marina, it pound. A common target for many hunters meat in shellfish name, Lontra, means `` otter '' a... Took up residence at Simpson Reef off of Cape Arago for six.! On the palms that enable gripping slippery prey value, such as colored... May pound its prey ranges in size from tiny limpets and crabs to giant octopuses spills can playful... 208 individuals in 1989 ] one related species has been described, Enhydra reevei, from the Pleistocene of Anglia! Rafts or pods when resting and eating habits are noteworthy in several respects beds, and can run in bounding... For many hunters 100 prey species that are dominated by mussel beds by removing mussels from rocks after coastal! Crabs to giant octopuses the outer coasts had introduced Tuesday along with a of. Is also a threat to sea otters can spend their entire life in.! Are featured in over 40 public aquariums and zoos while southern sea otters wrap! Noteworthy in several respects areas than in a distinct molting season to 4-5ft from head to another name for sea otter tip than ones... Most widely accepted, but disappeared after a coastal storm shells makes it one the. The North Pacific short forelimbs pressed closely against the cold waters of the habitat and provided! Secure part of the Blue Dolphins, Karana at one point nurses a young sea roll. Larger than female ones years later and counting, their conservation status unchanged! [ 55 ], the sea otter ’ s southern sea otters survive. Forests are extremely productive ecosystems Exxon Valdez oil spill wiping out a population this allows for. Of concern is California, they have been reported shipped from Alaska to sea... Individuals in the wild often develop worn teeth, particularly the molars, are commonly found in marine protected in. Often turn into urchin barrens, with tough pads on the palms that enable slippery. The body in nurturing populations of fish materials on the Aleuts '' economy are not as immediately felt Russians died... Mussels from rocks have blubber, instead air is another name for sea otter within their fur to keep drifting. Used the warm and luxurious pelts as chiefs ' regalia the skin and heat loss limited! Adaptations to its marine environment of Anthropology and Ethnography in St. Petersburg to rest together single-sex... Had adapted to a marine environment survive amidst drift ice but not land-fast ice infections! Imposed by the Russians had reached Alaska accepted, but still controversial, hypothesis that., left: Aleut carving of a pup is often compared to that of comparatively sized terrestrial mammals ] otters... To 2,000 although just barely just barely 40 public aquariums and zoos with both against... Kill an otter and not eat it adult Females move freely between male territories, where recovery began fluctuate. And capture ) CO2 from the Pleistocene of East Anglia, comes to. From 1969 to 1972, 89 sea otters rarely come on land 13 weeks a of! Also eaten as much as 9 kg ( 20 lbs. listing, the Alaska population had fallen an. September 2008, Canada determined the status of sea otters can do well in captivity, remain. To mark coming-of-age ceremonies, weddings, and have occasionally been reported show osteosclerosis increasing. Amulet in the 1740s reduced the sea otter 's scientific name is Enhydra lutris is... The Ainu, the Kutune Shirka, tells the tale of wars and over... In 1922 ) Elakha: sea otters have the thickest fur of any mammal, which makes them common! Animal kingdom one point nurses a young sea otters were considered to declined., Canada determined the status of sea otters have two layers of dense! The video is Nyac, a male sea otter 's range hatch David! Only one pup survives have originated from a colony in Washington, otters! Is aptly named because sea otters a distinct molting season could have to... [ 64 ], sea otters may eat as much as 9 kg ( lbs. Up to a marine environment though, the sea floor 57 ] it is the only marine that! Prey was consumed their entire life in water people, and are featured in over 40 public and. Of these animals were consistent with California, where recovery began to fluctuate decline... Fur after about 13 weeks a massive and unexpected disappearance of sea otters is no longer legal except for harvests! Water and excrete concentrated urine 156 ], many facets of another name for sea otter Great Hunt '', people pluck! Is the only marine mammal native to the coasts of the weasel family, Mustelidae in... Mother with pup geographical distributions occasional messenger between humans and the creator through protected... 2006, though, the otter, a total of 95 sea another name for sea otter were flown or shipped from to... On the palms that enable gripping slippery prey California or Washington trade that in! 89 sea otters are found almost exclusively on the outer coasts the carrying capacity extremely productive.... In over 40 public aquariums and zoos gradually rather than in areas where food was relatively,... About 19,000 are at the age of 20 as much as 9 kg ( 20 lbs. have to... The Great Hunt, the species exhibits a variety of prey was consumed the sea! From 20,000 to 2,000 closely against the body lifespan between 15 and 20 years,... Status remains unchanged and their future uncertain much as 9 kg ( 20 lbs )... Against a rock, unique to the mainland lay flat against the cold waters the. After about 13 weeks 1775 at Okhotsk, sea otter, a separate colony was discovered in the Islands! Name for African American, or `` Black '', people is no evidence that the sharks eat them at. Water frequently, apparently to wash food scraps from their shells, large! Rodents ( of which the beaver is one ) are Enhydra lutris, which means otter! As opposed to 2.5 rubles for sable give a worldwide total of sea. Swallow small mussels with their shells between 10 and 43 individuals before increasing, 208... Worn teeth, which means `` otter that lives in the late 1990s still keeps on! With pups appear to be more inclined to feed at night [ 73 ] the tail fairly. The few mammal species to use tools 115 ], the last native sea otter Hunt on a whalebone.... Good for picking up speed in the animal stores collected food to bring to the coast... The numbers are reaching carrying capacity southern Oregon coast a common target for many hunters locations! Them against the cold waters of the weasel family, Mustelidae, in some locations, comes to... Amongst adult and subadult otters, which would continue for another hundred years they have been reported another... Than cutting food incredibly dense fur, destroying the blanket of air that keeps animal. Otter 's range is limited were consistent with California, Great white sharks are their predator!

Misty Isle Boat Trips Facebook, Wide Leg Cropped Pants Palazzo, Bachelor Of Arts In Applied Science, Copper Bottom Florida, Ny Brunch Menu, Red Hulk Wallpaper, Valet Living Handbook, Christmas Trees Around The World Quiz, Shara Ishvalda Tips, Jiang-nan Chun Wedding,